What is a 'subpoena'?

A subpoena is a legal document that orders an individual to appear in court as a witness or to produce specific documents or evidence pertinent to a case. The purpose of a subpoena is to compel compliance with a legal process, ensuring that parties involved in litigation can access necessary information or witness testimony relevant to the matter at hand.

This definition covers key aspects of a subpoena: it serves as an official order issued by the court, rather than merely a request, which distinguishes it from other documents or actions in legal proceedings. The enforceable nature of a subpoena provides the court with the means to ensure that necessary information is available for adjudication, which is vital for the pursuit of justice in legal cases.

Other options provided do not accurately reflect the function or definition of a subpoena. A request for financial compensation is more aligned with claims for damages in civil litigation rather than the court's directive to appear. A summary of evidence pertains to the presentation style within court and does not capture the compulsory aspect of a subpoena. A written submission to a judge typically refers to pleadings or motions that a party may file, which are distinct from subpoenas that specifically call for appearances or document production.